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Introduction of refrigeration compressor structure and working principle

Introduction of refrigeration compressor structure and working principle The role of refrigeration compressors in the system In order to be able to continuously cool, the compressor needs to suck the vaporized low-pressure vapor from the evaporator and work on it, compress it into high-pressure superheated vapor, and then discharge it into the condenser (the pressure is increased to make the refrigerant vapor easy (Releasing heat at room temperature and condensing into liquid). Cooling water or air is used in the condenser to condense the high-pressure superheated vapor into a liquid and take away the heat, and the refrigerant liquid is discharged from the bottom of the condenser. Repeatedly so, to achieve continuous cooling. Broadly speaking, this refrigeration method is to make the refrigerant vaporize under low temperature and low pressure conditions to absorb the heat of the surrounding medium, and condense and liquefy under normal temperature and high pressure conditions to release heat and be taken away by cooling water (or air). In order to achieve such heat transfer of the refrigerant, the low-pressure and high-pressure conditions corresponding to the evaporation temperature and the liquefaction temperature must be provided, and this condition is created by the compressor. Therefore, in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle, only with a compressor, the refrigerator can continuously transfer the heat of low-temperature objects to the room temperature medium, so as to achieve the purpose of refrigeration. At present, the general application scope and cooling capacity of various types of compressors: Types and classification of refrigeration compressors Refrigeration compressors can be divided into: volume type and speed type according to their working principles 1. Types of compressors (1) Volumetric compressor: A machine that uses a mechanical method to reduce the volume of a closed container and compress the gas to increase its pressure. It has two structural types: reciprocating piston type (referred to as piston type) and rotary type (2) Velocity compressor: The mechanical method is used to obtain a high flow velocity of the flowing gas, and then the flow velocity of the gas is reduced in the expanding channel, so that the kinetic energy of the gas is converted into pressure energy, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the gas pressure This machine is called a speed compressor. This category includes centrifugal refrigeration compressors. When this compressor is working, the gas is driven by the impeller rotating at high speed, not only to obtain a very high speed, but also under the action of centrifugal force, it is thrown out along the radial direction of the impeller, and then enters the diffuse pressure that the cross-sectional area gradually expands. There the gas velocity gradually decreases and the pressure increases accordingly. Compressor type diagram: 2. Classification of compressor (1) Classification according to working evaporating temperature range Single-stage refrigeration compressors can generally be divided into three types: high-temperature, medium-temperature and low-temperature compressors according to their working evaporating temperature range, but the division of specific evaporating temperature areas is not uniform. The following lists the classification range of the approximate working evaporation temperature of a famous compressor. High temperature refrigeration compressor (-10 ~ 0 )℃ Medium temperature refrigeration compressor (-15 ~ 0 )℃ Low temperature refrigeration compressor (- 40 ~ -15 )℃ (2) According to the cooling capacity: Large size ≥550kW Medium (25~550) kW Small type≤25kW (3) Classification according to the sealing structure The refrigerant in the refrigeration system is not allowed to leak, which means that every component in the system that is in contact with the refrigerant should be sealed from the outside world. According to the anti-leakage method and structure adopted by the refrigeration compressor, there are three different basic compressor forms. Open compressor Semi-hermetic compressor Fully enclosed compressor Piston refrigeration compressor 1. Body: It is the body of the compressor, used to install and support other parts and contain lubricating oil. 2. Transmission mechanism: The compressor uses this mechanism to transmit motion to work on the gas, which includes crankshaft, connecting rod, piston and so on. 3. Gas distribution mechanism: It is the gas distribution component that guarantees the compressor to realize the process of suction, compression and exhaust, which includes the suction and exhaust valve, valve plate and valve spring. 4. Lubricating oil system: It is an oil delivery system that lubricates the friction coupling parts of the compressor. It includes an oil pump, an oil filter, and an oil pressure adjustment component. 5. Unloading device: It is a transmission mechanism that unloads the compressor cylinder, adjusts the cooling capacity, and is easy to start. It includes unloading cylinders, oil plugs, push rods, thimble, swivel and other parts. 6. Shaft sealing device: In the open compressor, the shaft sealing device is used to seal the gap where the crankshaft passes through the body to prevent leakage. It includes pallets, springs, rubber rings and graphite rings. ↓Open refrigeration compressor↓ ↓Semi-hermetic refrigeration compressor↓ ↓fully enclosed refrigeration compressor↓ Rotary refrigeration compressor Rotary compressors have developed rapidly, especially in terms of high efficiency, miniaturization, and light weight. Commonly used rotary compressors are screw type, rolling piston type (rolling rotor type), sliding vane type and scroll type. Screw refrigeration compressor Screw refrigeration compressor is a later model than piston refrigeration compressor and centrifugal refrigeration compressor. The structural characteristics of the screw refrigeration compressor determine its many advantages, such as: 1. The number of parts is only 1/10 of the piston type, the compressor runs reliably, safely, and the amplitude is small; 2. Strong adaptability, good performance in high and low temperature refrigeration range and heat pump application; 3. Compact structure, can be applied to the working condition of large pressure ratio; 4. Not sensitive to wet compression; 5. Has good gas transmission adjustment characteristics; 6. Convenient maintenance and other characteristics, is the ideal host for refrigeration and air conditioning projects. ↓Structure of Screw Refrigeration Compressor↓ ↓Working principle of screw refrigeration compressor↓ Rolling piston type (rolling rotor type, wiper blade type) refrigeration compressor Although the rotor compressor appeared earlier, it has not been adopted in the refrigeration field for a long time due to the limitation of material and processing accuracy. With the development of science and technology, the original problems have been or gradually solved. The eccentric rolling rotor refrigeration compressor has begun to be widely used in small window air conditioners and food refrigerators below about 1kW. The advantages shown are sufficient to replace piston refrigeration compressors. ↓Structure of rolling piston refrigeration compressor↓ ↓Working principle of rolling piston refrigeration compressor↓ Scroll refrigeration compressor At present, the power of scroll refrigeration compressor is about 1～15kW. Compared with the piston refrigeration compressor, its volume can be reduced by 40% and weight by 15%, the structure is simple (only 5 parts are required), the operation is stable and reliable, and the noise can be reduced by 2 to 3dB (A), which has a high EER value. ↓Structure of scroll refrigeration compressor↓ ↓Structure of scroll refrigeration compressor↓ Centrifugal refrigeration compressor The development of centrifugal refrigeration compressors has a history of decades. The emergence of halogenated hydrocarbon refrigerants in the 1930s and the subsequent development of the metallurgical industry and other science and technology have laid a good foundation for the manufacture and application of centrifugal refrigeration compressors. . At present, almost all refrigeration compressors with a cooling capacity of more than 1200kW are centrifugal. ↓Structure of centrifugal refrigeration compressor↓ ↓One-stage centrifugal compressor↓ ↓Multistage centrifugal compressor↓ to sum up All refrigeration compressors, according to their structural characteristics and working principles, have their optimal cooling capacity. Therefore, when the cooling capacity and conditions are different, different types of compressors should be used to obtain the best operating results.

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