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Refrigeration compressor failure phenomenon and determination method

Refrigeration compressor failure phenomenon and determination method 1. How to identify the three binding posts on the casing of the hermetic compressor? Running end (R), starting end (S), common end (C), the resistance between RS is greater than that between SC and RC. The resistance between RS is equal to the resistance between SC plus the resistance between RC. It can be judged by the above rules. It should be noted that the resistance values of the terminals of the three-phase compressor are equal. 2. How to judge the short circuit of compressor motor winding? Use a multimeter to select the R×1 gear. After zero adjustment, measure the resistance of the compressor motor winding C-R or C-S. If the resistance value of the measured winding is less than the normal value, it can be judged that the winding is short-circuited. For three-phase motors, use two test leads to contact two of the three terminal terminals. If the resistance measured three times is the same, it means that the winding is good; if the resistance measured twice is infinity, it means there is a group of winding Open circuit; if all three tests are infinity, it indicates that at least two sets of windings are open circuit; if two of the three measurements are significantly smaller than the other, it indicates that there is a short circuit. 3. How to judge whether the compressor motor hits the ground? When the compressor motor hits the ground, the insulation layer of the internal wiring of the winding wire is damaged and touches the compressor casing, forming a short circuit. Such a failure can cause the fuse to blow and the compressor motor will not run. To check the method of touching the shell through the ground, the resistance file of a multimeter can also be used. First adjust the zero, and then close a pen to the common point tightly, and another test pen to tightly expose the metal part of the compressor process tube, or take a small piece of the patent skin of the shell plate and measure it. If the resistance value is very small, it can be judged that the winding or internal wiring touches the shell through the ground. 4. How to judge the broken circuit of compressor motor winding? Adjust the multimeter to R×1, then zero, connect the test leads to the terminals of any 2 windings, and measure the resistance. If the winding value is infinite, that is, there is no conduction between the terminals of the two windings, it can be judged that the winding is open. 5. The compressor does not start. 1) Check whether the compressor overload, pressure switch, and overcurrent protector have tripped or are damaged. 2) Check whether the indoor temperature sensor and the tube thermometer are open or in poor contact in the cooling state, and whether there is a short circuit in the heating state. 3) Check whether the compressor relay is closed with a multimeter. 4) Incorrect wiring. 5) The compressor is open or short-circuited. 6) The compressor capacitance is broken. 7) The AC contactor is broken. 6. The compressor is overheated, causing it to stop shortly after starting (protector action), what are the reasons? 1) Insufficient or excessive refrigerant, please fill the leak and evacuate, add enough refrigerant or release excess refrigerant. 2) The capillary, filter and expansion valve are blocked. 3) Air leakage inside the four-way valve, 4) The compressor itself is faulty, such as short circuit, open circuit, touching the shell and the ground, etc., replace the compressor after checking and confirming. 5) If the protection relay itself is faulty, please use a multimeter to check whether its contacts are conducting when the compressor is not too hot, and replace the new protector if it is not conducting. When replacing the 5528 and 5532 compressors, you need to check the starting capacitor and starting relay (if one of them is damaged, you must replace both). 6) The high pressure is too high and the pressure relay is operating. Please analyze the reasons and eliminate the situation. 7) Poor ventilation of the condenser or short circuit of the airflow, please remove the obstacles on the outdoor side and clean the condenser. 8) The system is mixed with non-condensable gas (such as air, etc.), please vacuum and refill. 9) The operating current of the compressor is too large, please find out the reason and eliminate it. 10) The ambient temperature of the outdoor unit is too high, please stay away from heat sources and avoid sunlight. 11) Compressor stuck cylinder or holding shaft. A rubber block or iron hammer pad can be used to knock and vibrate the compressor casing, or a parallel capacitor or fluorine-free method can be used to start the compressor. 12) The vapor-liquid valve is not fully opened. 7. Judgment of low compressor efficiency. The reason for the decrease in efficiency is caused by the wear of the moving parts, which makes the fit gap too large, or the suction and exhaust valves are broken, or the asbestos plate of the cylinder head is broken. Generally, the discharge pressure decreases, the suction pressure increases, and the temperature of the compressor cylinder head and the suction and discharge chambers is too high. If a low-pressure meter and a high-pressure meter are connected to the suction and exhaust pipe ports, when the exhaust pressure is above 0.6Mpa, the suction pressure remains at 0Pa or can only reach a vacuum of more than 52.5Pa, the compressor efficiency can be judged to be low . 8. Judgment of compressor's loss of working ability. Remove the compressor and start the compressor separately. After the compressor is running, manually test the suction and discharge pressure of the compressor. You should first test whether the suction port is inhaled. Then, test whether the exhaust port is exhausted. Block the exhaust port with your hand. If you feel that the pressure is not very large, or even there is no exhaust, you can think that the compressor has lost its ability to work. . Because during normal operation, the compressor exhaust can not be blocked with fingers. 9. Why is the compressor motor current too large? 1) Short circuit between the turns of the compressor, but it has not reached the level of blown fuse. 2) The "secondary friction" of the compressor destroys the smoothness of the friction surface, resulting in an increase in the power and current of the compressor, but it has not yet reached the degree of "holding the shaft" or "clamping cylinder" and preventing the compressor from rotating. You can use a multimeter to check the insulation resistance of the compressor motor to ground. Normally, it should be above 2MΩ. If it becomes significantly smaller or close to zero, it means that it has been short-circuited. If the insulation resistance to ground is normal, check the resistance value of the starting and running windings. If there is a short circuit between turns, the operating current increases. 10. What are the reasons for the difficulty of starting the three-phase compressor motor? 1) The power supply voltage is too low. 2) The compressor motor winding is short-circuited. 11. How to eliminate the faults that the three-phase compressor motor slows down during operation, one-phase fuse blows, and one-phase current increases? The reason is often due to the compressor motor windings have a contact shell through the ground. After removing the ground wire, you can use a test pencil to test whether the case is live. If the cabinet is electrified, unplug the power plug and touch the compressor cabinet by hand. There should be a hot feeling in the cabinet. Please rewind the compressor motor winding or replace the compressor. 12. How to exclude the "sing" sound of the three-phase compressor motor during operation? The three-phase compressor motor emits "speak" during the operation, which is caused by the severe imbalance of the three phases, and there must be a phase loss of the phase power supply. Please check with multimeter voltage file and restore three-phase. 13. How to exclude the reverse rotation of the three-phase compressor motor? It is caused by wiring error, any two wires can be exchanged. 14. How to replace the scroll compressor? When replacing the scroll compressor, the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side must be performed at the same time when discharging the refrigerant. It is forbidden to perform only from the high-pressure side. The axial seal of the scroll disk will cause the refrigerant to remain on the low-pressure side. During the welding operation, in order not to form an oxide film on the inner wall of the copper tube, nitrogen must be passed in. The time for the nitrogen to pass should be sufficient. The test method is to place a lit incense or cigarette butt at the other outlet of the nitrogen. If the incense is extinguished, then It means that the air in the system is evacuated, and then the welding operation can be carried out. Due to the high requirements for the use of scroll compressors, it is forbidden to use the compressor as a vacuum pump to evacuate the air in the pipeline of the external machine when replacing the compressor or other parts, otherwise the compressor will be burned and the vacuum pump must be used to evacuate. When the system is receiving gas during maintenance, it is not allowed to reduce the pressure in the system to a vacuum state, only the pressure in the system can be maintained above 0.03MP gauge pressure, otherwise it will cause the compressor suction side scroll disk to form an axial seal to form a vacuum , Improper operation will damage the compressor. 15. What should be paid attention to when moving the air conditioner with scroll compressor? Scroll compressors are easy to be damaged when moving the machine to recover the refrigerant. The reason is that the time for recovering the refrigerant is too long. The compressor operates in a vacuum state for a long time, the compression ratio is large, and the compressor temperature rises sharply, causing burnout. Therefore, the time to recover the refrigerant does not exceed 3 minutes; or observe the change of the low-pressure meter, when the low-pressure meter refers to 0.03Mpa~0.05Mpa, it can be pumped for another 20~30 seconds; or no more than 20 after the abnormal sound during the recovery process Shut down in seconds. After the machine is reinstalled, the low pressure needs to be checked when the test machine is running to find out whether fluoride needs to be added. The low pressure is controlled between 0.45Mpa and 0.53Mpa depending on the climate and temperature. 16. What are the types of air conditioner compressor overload protectors? There are two main types of air conditioner compressor overload protectors: 1) External overload protector. 2) Embedded overload protector. 18. What are the types of protection devices for air conditioner compressors? 1) Overload protector. Mainly used for overcurrent and overheat protection of compressor motor. The shell of the overload protector is in close contact with the surface of the compressor housing. When used for a single-phase compressor motor, the protector should be connected in series on the common line through which full current passes; when used in a three-phase compressor motor, the protector should be connected in series on two lines of the three-phase line. 2) Internal protector. It is mainly used for single-phase compressor motor, which is connected in series with the common winding of the motor inside the compressor to protect the compressor motor from overcurrent. 3) Thermal relay. Mainly used for line overcurrent protection of three-phase compressor motor. The two sets of coils are connected in series on two phases of the three-phase circuit. When the overload current flows and reaches a certain time, its protection switch is turned off. 4) Inversion preventer. Mainly used in three-phase rotary compressor motors to protect the phase sequence of the three-phase power supply to prevent the compressor rotation direction from being reversed. In addition, it also has a phase loss protection function. 18. How does the overload protector of the air conditioner compressor work? Generally, the overload protector has the protection functions of starting and running. When the compressor starts, the rotor "rolls" due to mechanical failure, and the current rises rapidly. When the current exceeds the starting current rating, the protector contact jumps and cuts off the current, avoiding the burning of the motor's starting winding. When the compressor is running normally, when the temperature rise is too high or the current allowable value is caused by external reasons, the protector contacts will also trip to cut off the power supply to avoid the burning of the motor's running winding. 20. What are the common faults of overload protectors? what is the reason? How to check and repair? Common failures of overload protectors include: heating wire burnout, contact burnout, contact breakage after the change of stress in the bimetallic sheet cannot be reset, insulation damage of the embedded overload protector and contact failure. The causes of overload are: 1) The power supply voltage is too low and the symmetry of the three-phase voltage is poor. 2) The compressor motor runs at low speed for an extended period of time. 3) Long-term low-voltage compressor load motor operation. 4) The cooling medium passage of the compressor motor is blocked. 5) The ambient temperature is too high. 20. What is the hydraulic blow of the compressor? The compressor sucks the refrigerant vapor instead of liquid, but due to the excessive charge of the refrigerant amount or the excessive flow adjustment of the expansion valve, the refrigerant is not completely evaporated in the evaporator, causing the refrigerant to be compressed in wet vapor or liquid state The machine sucks back, causing a liquid blow to the compressor. It will cause the valve disc, valve plate and piston to be damaged and damaged, and the connecting rod may be deformed in severe cases. When a liquid shock occurs, the compressor will make an abnormal sound, and at the same time, it will also vibrate. If there is too much refrigerant in the refrigeration system or too much refrigerant oil is charged, liquid shock will occur. The evaporator of the air conditioner is poorly ventilated. If the cooling capacity is not taken away, the evaporator will be frosted or frozen, which will cause the low pressure to be too low, and it will also cause frost on the compressor casing and cause liquid shock.

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