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The secret of refrigeration compressor lubrication

The secret of refrigeration compressor lubrication The refrigeration process can be traced back to the middle of the 18th century, when the experiment was about ice production. The technology was perfected in the 18th century, and modern refrigeration was born. This can be used to cool or freeze liquids and foods, allowing them to stay longer. After some adjustments, these small refrigeration systems can be used in hospitals and homes to cool the room and make people more comfortable. This has also had a huge impact on food and beverage companies, which had previously relied on large amounts of ice to obtain the same cooling function. Compressors are very sensitive components and must be properly lubricated to enable them to achieve a long service life. The lubricant used must not only lubricate all components in the compressor, but also handle the refrigerant in contact with it (in the case of refrigeration and air-conditioning compressors). Some lubricating oils are more compatible with certain refrigerants, and this must be balanced with the needs of the compressor to select the appropriate base oil and additive components. By understanding the flow of lubricating oil and refrigerant, and the requirements of lubricating oil, you can ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of the compressor operation to the greatest extent possible. Compressor working principle The function of a compressor is quite simple. The gas enters the compressor at a low pressure, where it is compressed, and then leaves at a higher pressure. This compression produces several by-products, the most common being heat and moisture. These by-products are not only harmful to the health of the machine, but also adversely affect the health of the lubricant. Although compressors can have many different applications, this article focuses on compressors for refrigeration or heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. In these applications, refrigeration systems are usually sealed and closed loop. Most of these systems require that the ring before being exposed to refrigerant is vacuum. Before pulling these wires into a deep vacuum, the moisture in the wires is evaporated, keeping the system as dry as possible. This helps reduce the amount of water generated by the compression process. Compressor type Like most machines, there are many types of compressors based on their application. In general, the amount of refrigerant or cooling capacity required will determine the type of compressor required. There are three main types of compressors that use refrigerant: reciprocating, rotary, and centrifugal. The function of reciprocating compressors is similar to automobile engines. The piston slides back and forth in the cylinder, thereby sucking in and compressing the low-pressure refrigerant, pushing it down at a higher pressure. Generally, reciprocating compressors are multi-stage systems. This has more compression than single-stage systems. These compressors have many lubricating components, such as cylinders, valves and bearings. Rotary compressors usually use a set of propellers or blades to draw in air and then compress it in the compression chamber. This may function like a vane pump. Like reciprocating compressors, these systems have a variety of lubricating components, including gears, bearings, valves, etc. Centrifugal compressors use the rotary motion of the equipment to drive a series of impellers, which will provide compression. These systems usually rotate several thousand revolutions per minute. The lubricating oil must be thin enough to provide adequate lubrication at this speed; but it must also be thick enough to handle the heat and refrigerant contamination that may be generated. In the face of all these compressor systems, the base oil, additives and viscosity grade of the lubricant must be carefully selected. Compatibility with compressed refrigerants is perhaps the most important factor when selecting base oils, because not all lubricants can handle this type of pollution. The additive package usually must have certain anti-wear properties, as well as anti-emulsification in the case of water pollution. The viscosity varies according to the load, speed and temperature of the compressor operation. Understanding refrigeration Refrigeration has revolutionized many industries. Almost every factory uses some kind of refrigeration equipment, whether to help eliminate heat or for the comfort of employees. The working principle of the cooling cycle is simple. It involves the ideal gas law and how the gas changes temperature when the pressure changes. The compressor works like a pump, pushing the refrigerant circulation. The refrigerant leaves the compressor in a high-pressure gas and enters a condenser. Here, the gas is condensed into a liquid and then flows through a pipe to a metering device. After the meter is the evaporator. This is where heat transfer occurs. The air on the evaporator is warmer than expected. The heat in the air is absorbed by the refrigerant in the evaporator and then transported back to the condenser, where it is removed. The compressor is responsible for this movement. Perhaps you have heard the saying that air conditioners or refrigerators cannot cool the heat but can remove it. This is the principle of circular operation. Heat is removed from an unwanted area to another area where it can be released. On a hot summer day, you can walk to the air conditioning unit (condenser) outside to experience this effect. The gas exiting the top of the condenser is warmer than the ambient air. Type of refrigerant The refrigerant must be able to absorb and transfer heat. There are several types of refrigerants, which are selected according to the required temperature. The refrigerant must be able to achieve a rapid change from liquid to gas. Depending on the refrigerant used, very low temperature cooling or simple basic cooling capacity can be achieved. Perhaps the most prominent type of refrigerant is the hydrocarbon-based series. This is similar to what you buy for your house or car. They are usually called R-22, R-134a, etc. Ammonia is another common refrigerant mainly used in industrial facilities. Its performance is very good, it can reach the low temperature of cooling or freezing. In short, there are many refrigerants composed of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), hydrofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC). Compressor oil Lubricating oil performs several functions in the compressor system. Of course, they must be able to lubricate this machine. In some systems, lubricants are required as a coolant, as well as a sealant. This is why it is important to choose the right lubricant for your compressor. When you are in doubt, check with the manufacturer the correctness of the lubricant used in the system. Compressor lubricants are usually mixed with a special additive and base oil to provide the necessary lubricating properties, while also being compatible with refrigerants. Any incompatibility of base oil and refrigerant can lead to disastrous results for the equipment. Most compressor lubricants are synthetic. This allows them to have a longer service life and to face the severe test of the system better than mineral base oils. Most home air conditioners now use a mixed refrigerant called R-410A. The application of polyol ester (POE) base oil is beneficial to the lubrication system, and this oil can also be separated from the refrigerant. Although the compatibility between refrigerants and lubricants is perhaps the most pressing lubrication issue, there are many other aspects. For example, water pollution is harmful to many hydrolytically unstable synthetic base oils. Moisture reacts with base oil to form acid, which changes viscosity and impairs lubricating performance. This may cause premature compressor failure and inappropriate system cooling. Lubricant problems are common in any system. One way to avoid problems with compressed gases is to simply remove the lubricant from the reaction. This situation often happens when "dry" compressors are more and more widely used. "Dry" refers to a lack of oil in the compression chamber. If the lubricant is not in the compression chamber, it is not easy to mix with refrigerant and cause problems. However, in wet or water compressors, the oil is present in the compression chamber and is mixed closely with the refrigerant. In these systems, the compatibility of lubricants and refrigerants is the most important. Many large compressors utilize a forced lubrication system, which has an oil reservoir, piping, and pump. The pump pushes the oil through the pipeline into the compressor to achieve lubrication and cooling, and then returns to the oil reservoir. The operation of these systems enables you to filter, cool, and separate gas and water from oil. Smaller compressors are usually static lubrication systems in which the compressor holds oil and the system is completely sealed. As long as they are cleaned and sealed before use, this type of system is less likely to have a lubricant failure. In most cases, these systems will operate for many years without oil changes. Lubricating oil exists in the compressor for lubrication, but some oil will flow out through the refrigerant line. In some cases, an oil sump or knockout method must be used to prevent the oil from clogging the pipeline and reducing the cooling capacity of the system. sampling In industrial enterprises, the compressor system is often the most critical machine. Therefore, it is very important to regularly obtain oil samples to check the health of lubricants and machines. The oil sample analysis tests performed on these liquids include elemental analysis, viscosity analysis and wear debris analysis. Viscosity must be monitored because refrigerant dilution will cause viscosity to decrease and increase machine wear. In some cases, oil samples must be degassed before being transported to the laboratory or analyzed. As the gas expands with temperature, it will cause the pressure in the bottle to increase, causing a leak, or the oil will spray out after the cap is opened. These bottles can use pressure to eliminate the cap. Remember, every time you open the bottle, you will expose the oil sample to contamination, which may affect the particle count results. With proper care and attention, compressors in refrigeration systems can provide years of trouble-free service. When changing oil in the system, remember that it must be compatible with the refrigerant and fluid used in the previous system. Finally, try to keep every compressor sealed, clean, cooled, and dry. If you can do this, even if the temperature outside becomes hot, you will be able to cool off for a summer.

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