Comparison of working principle of single screw and twin screw refrigeration compressors

Comparison of working principle of single screw and twin screw refrigeration compressors 1. Twin screw compressor    Twin-screw refrigeration compressor is an energy-adjustable oil-injected compressor. Its three consecutive processes of suction, compression, and exhaust are realized by a periodic volume change when a pair of interlocking Yin and Yang rotors in the machine body rotate. Generally, the male rotor is the active rotor, and the female rotor is the driven rotor.    Main components: double rotor, body, main bearing, shaft seal, balance piston and energy adjustment device.    Capacity 15~100% stepless adjustment or two or three-stage adjustment, adopting hydraulic piston to increase or decrease load.    Conventional use: Both radial and axial rolling bearings; open type with oil separator, oil storage tank and oil pump;   Closed:   Move the piston for lubricating, oil injection, cooling and driving spool valve capacity adjustment for differential pressure oil supply.    Compression principle:    Inhalation process: The gas enters the interdental volume of the yin and yang rotors through the suction port respectively.    Compression process: When the rotor rotates, the volume between the teeth of the male and female rotors is connected (V-shaped space). Due to the meshing of the teeth, the volume gradually decreases and the gas is compressed.    Exhaust process: The compressed gas moves to the exhaust port to complete a working cycle.    Second, single screw compressor (single screw compressor)    uses an active rotor and two star wheels to produce compression. Its three consecutive processes of suction, compression, and exhaust are achieved by the periodic volume change when the rotor and star wheel rotate. The number of rotor teeth is six, and the star wheel is eleven teeth. The main components are a rotor, two star wheels, and two energy slide valves.   Capacity can be adjusted from 12.5% ​​to 100% stepless and four-stage adjustment.    Compression principle:    Inhalation process: The gas enters the rotor slot through the suction port. As the rotor rotates, the star wheel sequentially enters a state of meshing with the rotor slot, and the gas enters the compression cavity (the closed space formed by the curved surface of the rotor slot, the inner cavity of the casing, and the tooth surface of the star wheel).    Compression process: As the rotor rotates, the volume of the compression chamber continues to decrease, and the gas compresses until the front edge of the compression chamber turns to the exhaust port.   Exhaust process: The front edge of the compression chamber is turned to the exhaust port to start exhaust, and a working cycle is completed.    Due to the symmetrical arrangement of the star wheel, the cycle will be compressed twice every revolution, and the exhaust volume is corresponding to twice the exhaust volume of the above cycle.    3. Comparison of the characteristics of single screw refrigeration compressor and twin screw refrigeration compressor   Characteristics of twin screw refrigeration compressor:    Oil injection compression is required (a small amount of liquid injection can also be used). Once the oil is lost, there may be metal-to-metal meshing friction, which seriously affects operation and rotor life.   The rotor radial load and axial thrust are large, especially the axial thrust is very large. A bearing with a large volume and strength and a balanced piston are needed to counteract the axial force, and the service life of the bearing is affected. The general bearing life is only 20,000 hours (imported machine), 20,000 hours need to be overhauled.    There are air leakage triangle holes between the rotor meshes, there are leakage and pressure loss, reducing the compression efficiency.    oil is not only used for cooling and sealing between the screw rotor and rotor, but also for lubrication and power transmission (25 ~ 60% power).    generally needs to continue to start the oil pump during operation. Due to the large fuel consumption, the oil circuit system is complicated, and the maintenance investment is large.    An oil return system is needed to avoid the fact that the efficiency of the heat exchanger does not decrease rapidly after the refrigerating machine oil enters the evaporator when the liquid supply is too large or the load changes greatly.    Single stage compression ratio is high. Under low temperature conditions, a unique economizer structure can be adopted, which has good energy saving, but the cost has increased accordingly.    Maintenance is difficult, and generally requires all disassembly for maintenance.

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