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    Refrigeration compressor technology development trend

    Refrigeration compressor technology development trend 1 Technical requirements for refrigeration compressors The refrigeration compressor is the "heart" of the refrigeration system, and its thermal performance and reliability largely determine the thermal performance and reliability of the refrigeration system. In order to meet the needs of users and fierce market competition, research and development have been carried out extensively and deeply. At present, the development of science and society will put forward many requirements for refrigeration compressors. 1.1 Requirements for refrigerant replacement Refrigerant substitution has put forward many new requirements for the research, design and manufacture of refrigeration compressors, such as the development of new compressors based on the thermophysical properties of various refrigerants, and the improvement of compressor tightness and reliability in order to reduce refrigerant leakage. Sex and so on. The non-azeotropic mixed working fluid can be matched with the variable temperature heat source to minimize the irreversible heat transfer loss due to its variable temperature and phase change characteristics, and even change the cooling capacity of the system by changing the composition of the circulating working fluid with different unit volume of cooling capacity. In order to achieve continuous adjustment of the system load. This poses no small challenge to the research and development of compressors and auxiliary machinery. 1.2 Requirements for application field expansion The continuous development of new application fields of refrigeration and heat pump technology is also driving the progress of refrigeration compressor technology. The recovery and utilization of medium and high-temperature waste heat resources requires high-temperature heat pump working fluid and a compressor that matches the working fluid; the cooling of chips and boards of large electronic equipment requires high-power micro-refrigeration equipment; agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry products, aquatic products, food processing and other production, Cold chain technology composed of various links in storage, transportation, and sales, as well as biological living organisms in medical and health services and vaccine cold chain technology, put forward various types of demands for refrigeration compressors. Taking air conditioners as an example, air conditioners have entered the homes of ordinary people at an unusual rate in the past two decades. Due to the vast territory of China, the differences between east, west, south, north and north are very different, and the performance requirements of air conditioners are also different. difference. 1.3 Requirements for high efficiency, energy saving and noise reduction Energy saving and consumption reduction is the eternal theme of the equipment manufacturing industry and an urgent requirement for environmental protection. At present, there is still a considerable gap between the actual efficiency of the refrigeration compressor and the theoretical value. It can be confirmed that the more energy consumed by compression than on the one hand leads to a decrease in the coefficient of performance (COP), on the other hand, it provides energy for pollution such as noise and mechanical wear, and brings various damage to the environment. For example, the relative internal efficiency of the turbo compressor used in the large-scale refrigeration and low-temperature Dingcheng is only about 70%, and the noise is more than 130dB. If the relative internal efficiency can be increased to more than 85%, the remaining energy can produce The noise will not exceed 100 dB. 1.4 Requirements for new materials, new structures, new processes and new designs The comprehensive progress of science and technology has opened a broad space for the development of refrigeration compressors. In terms of materials, the industrialization of non-metallic and polymer materials such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polyaniline ester (PBH), permanent magnet materials such as Nd-Te-B, and memory alloys has made compressor manufacturing more choices. , Also put forward more requirements for compressor research. The same is true of the development of new processes such as laser surface processing and heat treatment precision casting, numerical control processing, and computer integrated manufacturing. 2 Technical types and technological progress of refrigeration compressors There are many types of refrigeration compressors, and the current technological progress is mainly concentrated on the following types: 2.1 Reciprocating refrigeration compressor Reciprocating refrigeration compressors have the longest history and their technology is very mature. The advantage is that it can adapt to a wide range of pressure and cooling capacity, and the output pressure does not change with the change of gas transmission volume; the thermal efficiency is high, especially when it is operated under variable conditions. The limitations are also obvious: the structure is complex and there are many parts; the rotation speed cannot be too high, the frequency conversion characteristic is not as good as the rotary type; it can not continuously deliver gas, and there is pressure pulsation. Antelope preparation agents used in reciprocating refrigeration compressors have been developed to R404a, R40c, R134a, 6290, R600a, CO2, etc. Frequency conversion adjustment technology has been widely used. In the reciprocating mechanism, the cross slider mechanism is generally used to replace the crank connecting rod mechanism, which has the characteristics of low vibration, low noise, high mechanical rotation rate, large speed range, suitable for frequency conversion adjustment, small exhaust gas flow pulsation, and compact structure. The butterfly valve structure semi-hermetic compressor introduced by Copeland Company has made significant improvements to the exhaust structure. The exhaust valve is made of a high-temperature-resistant polymer and the outer ring is a tapered valve body. Under the action, the cone surface is closely attached to the corresponding cone seat of the valve plate, ensuring the airtightness between the seat surface of the valve body and the center guide pin. The bottom surface of the conical valve body is flush with the bottom surface of the valve plate. Only when the exhaust valve is opened, the exhaust channel is let out on the valve plate, thereby greatly reducing the clearance volume. The Inertia series introduced by Bristol is a co-current suction and exhaust channel design. The suction valve is installed on the top of the piston. The suction and exhaust valves are all butterfly valves, and the relative clearance volume is reduced by 20% compared with the double-piece valve. In terms of large reciprocating compressors, the VIP compressor launched by Ingerso-Rand Corporation is equipped with two intake valves with the same outer diameter and the inner diameter of the cylinder at the two ends of the cylinder in the double-acting cylinder of the opposite structure. An exhaust valve is arranged on the piston (in fact, the piston is composed of two exhaust valves), and the exhaust nozzle is arranged in the middle of the cylinder. Its advantage is that both ends are DC, and the clearance volume is small. 2.2 Rolling rotor compressor The technical progress of the rolling rotor compressor is reflected in the improvement of the compressor efficiency, the use of frequency conversion technology, the increase of the compressor valley, the use of high-quality materials and the improvement of the reliability of the compressor, the reduction of the noise of the compressor, and the development of alternative working medium equipment. The improvement of efficiency is implemented in the improvement of working efficiency of compressor motor and compressor body. In terms of compressor design, computer simulation and optimization techniques are used to analyze various factors that affect the working performance of the compressor, such as refrigerant and lubricant leakage, suction overheating, clearance effects and moving parts friction, etc .; in manufacturing, Improve processing and assembly accuracy, control and ensure the gap between the contact parts of each key component. 2.3 Scroll compressor The scroll compressor was commercialized in the 1980s and was rapidly promoted and applied in the 1990s. Its advantages are that multiple compression chambers work at the same time, and the gas pressure difference between adjacent compression chambers is small, so the leakage is small and the volume is small. Efficiency up to 90% ～ 98%; small torque change, small vibration, low noise; few parts, no suction and exhaust valve, less wearing parts, light weight; strong resistance to impurities and liquid impact, high reliability; high speed It has good speed change and low pulsation. Scroll compressor research is currently focused on scroll profiles. This is the basic problem of scroll compressors, which is related to the efficiency of the equipment, the processing characteristics of smooth operation, the adjustment performance and so on. The currently used profiles are single profile, modified profile, combined profile and general profile. The single type line is mainly the open line of circle, regular polygon, semicircle, etc., Archimedes spiral, algebraic spiral and so on. The correction profile is obtained by correcting the sharp angle of the start profile of the scroll. The combined profile is made of multiple sections of different types of profiles on the same spiral ring, which can be connected smoothly. It can take advantage of different profiles and take into account the processes of suction and exhaust. In order to solve the problem that various profile models are too targeted, a general profile concept is proposed, which facilitates the establishment of an optimized mathematical model, which is extremely beneficial to improve the performance of the whole machine and increase the flexibility and flexibility of the design. On the basis of a good profile, improving the scroll press machine mechanism can ensure that the profile exerts its maximum advantages so that it can obtain good performance and reliability, and reduce machine costs. This aspect includes the research of the back pressure cavity and the back pressure hole anti-rotation mechanism exhaust port eccentric spindle balance flexible structure, axial end face sealing mechanism and so on. In addition, the processing method of scroll disk is also a key to scroll machine technology. 2.4 Screw compressor The screw compressor can run at high speed, has few parts, high reliability, can adapt to a larger compression ratio, is not sensitive to wet compression, and has good energy regulation performance. When the load is above 50%, the power is directly proportional to the air volume. Single screw compressors have better force balance and high efficiency. The study of the screw rotor profile is the main problem of the screw compressor research, and the research is related to the number of rotor teeth. The other research contents are basically the same as other compressors, that is, to improve efficiency, reduce losses and noise, improve the performance of regulation and variable conditions, improve the processing technology to improve the processing accuracy, and so on. In terms of wet expansion (that is, gas-liquid two-phase flow expansion), screw expanders have good application prospects. If they are successfully commercialized, the theoretical COP of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle will be greatly improved. 2.5 Impeller compressor Impeller compressors include centrifugal compressors and axial compressors. Because the axial flow is too large and the pressure ratio is too small, it is rarely used. With the enlargement of refrigeration and air conditioning projects, the application of impeller compressors will become more and more common.

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