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    Water hammer occurs when the pump is stopped, which is very harmful! How to break First, stop the pump water hammer and its hazards

    Water hammer occurs when the pump is stopped, which is very harmful! How to break First, stop the pump water hammer and its hazards In the pressure pipe flow, the momentum conversion is caused by the rapid change of the flow rate, thereby generating a series of sudden hydraulic impact phenomena with alternating pressure in the pipeline, called the water hammer phenomenon. When the centrifugal pump is normally started, stopped and the flow in the pipeline changes, a certain degree of water hammer will occur in the pressure pipeline, but due to the small pressure of the water hammer, it will not cause a water hammer accident. The water hammer accident in the pumping station is often caused by the water hammer that stops the pump. The so-called pump-stop water hammer refers to the hydraulic shock phenomenon of pressure rise and fall caused by the sudden change of the flow rate in the water pump and the pressure pipe when the valve is shut down due to a sudden power failure or other reasons. For example, the failure of the power system or electrical equipment, and the occasional failure of the pump unit may cause the centrifugal pump to open and stop, which will cause the pump to stop the water hammer. The maximum pressure of the pump-stop water hammer can reach 200% of the normal working pressure, or even higher. It can destroy pipelines and equipment. General accidents cause "running water" and water shutdown; serious accidents cause flooding of the pump room, equipment damage, and facilities. Destruction, or even cause personal injury or death. When a pump-off water hammer occurs, a water-cutting water hammer will also occur at the place where the pump water pressure pipeline fluctuates greatly, that is, a negative pressure will be generated at the highest point of the pipeline, and when the pressure value is less than the saturation pressure at the corresponding temperature, this place Vaporization occurs to form a steam cavity, which interrupts the continuous water flow (water column separation). When the supercharging wave comes, the steam cavity is compressed. At the moment when the steam cavity disappears, the two streams of water collide, causing a water cutoff hammer and its pressure value. Will exceed the water hammer pressure value of continuous water flow, so the harm is greater. 2. Water hammer protection measures for pump stop 1. Measures to prevent water hammer (water column separation) (1) When laying pressurized water pipes, local protrusions should be avoided as much as possible to prevent excessive negative pressure from causing water column separation. (2) Set up a water filling tank or a pressure regulating tower at the place where the water column separation may occur in the pipeline. When the pressure in the water hammer tube of the pump stop is reduced, make up water in time to prevent the water column separation. (3) Reduce the flow velocity in the pressure pipeline as much as possible. 2. Measures to prevent excessive pressure increase (1) Set up water hammer eliminator The water hammer eliminator is a safety valve with a certain discharge capacity, which is generally installed downstream of the check valve. Water hammer eliminators include bottom-open water hammer eliminators, self-closing water hammer eliminators, and automatic reset water hammer eliminators. Figure 1 is an automatic reset under-open water hammer eliminator, the working principle is as follows: after the pump suddenly stops, the pressure at the beginning of the pipeline drops, the water outside the water hammer eliminator cylinder 2 flows through the valve 9 flow tube 8, the water in the cylinder It flows to the pipe 8 through the valve 3. At this time, under the action of the weight 5, the piston 1 falls to the position shown by the dotted line. When the maximum water hammer pressure comes, the high-pressure water is discharged through the drain pipe 4. A part of the water flows back into the cylinder through the small hole on the check valve until the amount of water under the piston slowly increases, the pressure increases, the piston rises, the weight is reset, and the drain pipe mouth is sealed. The buffer 6 is used to reset the weight smoothly. Figure 1 　 Automatic reset lower open water hammer eliminator 1-piston; 2-cylinder; 3-valve check valve with small holes drilled; 4- drain pipe; 5- weight; 6-buffer; 7- holding rod; 8-pipe; 9-gate valve (normally open); 10-piston connecting rod; 11-fulcrum (2) Air cylinder As shown in Figure 2, an air cylinder is provided on the pressure line, using the principle that the volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure. When a water hammer occurs, the pressure in the pipeline rises, and the air is compressed, acting as an air cushion; when the pipeline forms a negative Pressure, even when the water column is separated, it makes up water to the pipeline, which can effectively reduce the harm of the water hammer when the pump is stopped. Figure 2　Air cylinder A-without airbag; B-with airbag (3) Set up slow closing check valve Slow closing check valve is composed of check valve and slow closing mechanism. Commonly used are slow closing check valve and hydraulic slow closing butterfly valve. When the pump is suddenly stopped, the check valve is gradually closed by slowly closing the transmission mechanism, allowing part of the water to flow back to the pool through the pump, thereby weakening the strength of the water hammer. It is widely used in pumping stations. Figure 3 is a hydraulic buffer check butterfly valve. Figure 3　Hydraulic buffer check butterfly valve (4) Cancel check valve Practice has proved that the sudden closing of the check valve is extremely harmful. Therefore, in the case of a short pressurized water pipeline and a low water pump reversal hazard, and when a sudden power failure can close the outlet gate valve in time, the check valve may not be provided, thereby reducing the possibility of water hammer when the pump is stopped.

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