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Analysis of the application, advantages and disadvantages of the five major refrigeration compressors

Analysis of the application, advantages and disadvantages of the five major refrigeration compressors Semi-sealed piston refrigeration compressor At present, semi-hermetic piston compressors are more commonly used in the cold storage and refrigeration markets (commercial refrigeration and air conditioning are also useful, but they are relatively less used now). The semi-closed piston cold storage compressor is generally driven by a four-pole motor, and its rated power is generally between 60-600KW. The number of cylinders is 2-8, with a maximum of 12. advantage: 1. The structure is simple and the manufacturing technology is very mature; 2. The requirements for processing materials and processing technology are relatively low; 3. It is easy to achieve a high compression ratio, so it has strong adaptability and can be used in a very wide pressure range; 4.The device system is relatively simple and can be applied to a wider pressure range and cooling capacity requirements. Disadvantages: 1. The shape is large and heavy; 2. It has large noise and vibration; 3. It is difficult to achieve high speed; 4. Large gas pulsation; 5.There are many wearing parts and they are afraid of liquid blow. Rotor refrigeration compressor: Rotor refrigeration compressors are fully enclosed, and are generally used in household air conditioners or small refrigeration equipment. The compressor refrigeration capacity is not high, ranging from 3KW to 15KW. advantage: 1. Simple structure, small size and light weight. Compact size; 2. No suction valve, high speed, low vibration and stable operation; 3.Suitable for variable speed operation, the speed ratio can reach 10: 1; Disadvantages: 1. High system cleanliness requirements and high processing accuracy requirements; 2. The leakage, friction and wear between the sliding plate and the cylinder wall surface are large, and the performance declines significantly; 4.The unevenness of the speed of the single-rotor compressor at low speed increases; Scroll refrigeration compressor: Scroll refrigeration compressors are currently mainly based on fully enclosed structures, which are mainly used in air conditioning (heat pump), heat pump hot water, freezing and refrigeration fields. The supporting downstream products are: household air conditioner, multi-line, modular machine, small water ground source heat pump, etc. At present, there is a single manufacturer of scroll refrigeration compressors that can achieve 20 ~ 30HP. advantage: 1. There is no reciprocating mechanism, so the structure is simple, small size, light weight, few parts (especially few wearing parts), and high reliability; 2. Small torque change, high balance, small vibration, stable operation, and small vibration of the whole machine; 3. It has high efficiency and variable frequency speed regulation technology within the range of refrigeration capacity it adapts to; 4. The scroll compressor has no clearance volume and can maintain high volumetric efficiency. 5.Low noise, good stability, high safety, relatively difficult to liquid hit. Disadvantages: 1. High precision requirements, shape and position tolerances are in the micron level; 2. No exhaust valve, poor performance under variable operating conditions; 3. The external cooling of the working chamber is not easy, and the heat in the compression process is difficult to discharge, so it can only compress the gas with a small thermal insulation index or internal cooling; 4.Large displacement scroll compressor is difficult to achieve. Limited by tooth height, large displacement and large diameter, unbalanced rotating mass increase Screw refrigeration compressor: Screw compressors can be divided into single-screw compressors and twin-screw compressors. It is now widely used in refrigeration devices such as refrigeration, refrigeration, HVAC and chemical technology. The input power range has been developed to 8-1000KW, its research and development fields are very wide, and the performance optimization potential is great. advantage: 1. Fewer parts, less wearing parts, high reliability, stable and safe operation, and low vibration; 2. The efficiency of part load is high, it is not easy to appear liquid blow, and it is not sensitive to liquid blow; 3. It has the characteristics of forced gas transmission and strong adaptability to working conditions; 4. Stepless adjustment is possible. Disadvantages: 1. It is expensive and the machining accuracy of the body parts is high; 2. High noise during compressor operation; 3. The screw compressor can only be used in the medium and low pressure range, not in high pressure occasions; 5.Due to the large amount of fuel injection and the complicated oil treatment system, there are many auxiliary equipment of the unit. Centrifugal refrigeration compressor: The centrifugal compressor has a large cooling capacity, and is suitable for large central air conditioning systems and petrochemical industries. It is mostly used for large building air conditioning adjustment or refrigeration needs. advantage: 1. In the case of the same cooling capacity, especially in the case of large capacity, compared with the reciprocating compressor unit, the huge oil separation device is omitted, the weight and size of the unit are small, and the area is small; 2. The centrifugal compressor has a simple and compact structure, few moving parts, reliable operation, durability, low operating cost, easy to achieve multi-stage compression and multiple evaporation temperatures, and easy to achieve intermediate cooling; 3. There is very little lubricating oil mixed in the centrifugal unit, which has little effect on the heat transfer effect of the heat exchanger, and the unit has high efficiency; 4.Large gas transmission, high speed, uniform gas supply, eliminating the disadvantages of gas with oil; Disadvantages: 1. Not suitable for small flow occasions, the single-stage pressure ratio is low, in order to obtain a higher pressure ratio need to use multi-stage impeller, generally also use speed-increasing gear; 2. Surge is an inherent shortcoming of centrifugal compressors, the working conditions of the same unit cannot be changed greatly, and the scope of application is relatively narrow; 3. The centrifugal compressor can only get the highest efficiency when working under the design conditions, and it is easy to surge 4. Poor operation adaptability, large gas flow rate, large friction resistance, and low efficiency; 5. The temperature of the compression outlet is relatively high, and the heat exchange area is easily affected by changes in the temperature, pressure and composition of the compression medium.

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