How much do you know about the uses of industrial gas

How much do you know about the uses of industrial gas

With the rapid development of China's economy, industrial gas, as one of the basic industrial elements of the national economy, has become increasingly prominent in its important position and role in the national economy. Industrial gases have a wide range of applications, including chemical industry, medical and health, metallurgy, mining, semiconductor industry, etc. Many people know that industrial gases are irreplaceable in many places in our lives. Let’s understand the role of industrial gases in our lives today. . .

　　 oxygen

　　1. Combustion gas for metal welding, cutting and various combustion devices, and oxidizing gas for certain processes.

　　2. Metallurgical industry: Large amounts of oxygen are used in the smelting and non-ferrous metal smelting processes. Its obvious role is to strengthen the smelting process to increase production and save energy.

　　3. Machinery industry: Metal welding and cutting can greatly improve work efficiency.

　　4. Chemical industry: manufacturing chemical products such as medicines, dyes, explosives, etc., and also used to strengthen production (such as the production of yellow phosphorus by the oxygen blowing method, and the decomposition of bad coal with oxygen).

　　5. Electronic industry: In addition to being used as a combustion gas, it is also an oxidizing gas for the manufacture of semiconductor integrated circuits. It is one of the indispensable high-purity gases in this industry; high-purity oxygen is also an important gas raw material for the manufacture of optical fibers.

　　6. ​​Widely used in national defense: rockets are the most used.

7. Other applications: Oxygen can be used as an oxidant for magnetic fluid power generation; oxygen can be used to purify sewage, and oxygen can be used for deep well operations in the mining industry; oxygen can be used for deep-sea fishing and diving operations; oxygen can be used to rescue asphyxiated and critical patients; use oxygen Health care (such as use by special groups such as plateau climbers, geologists, frontier patrol fighters, and ordinary people in oxygen bars, etc.).

　　Nitrogen:

　　 1. Nitrogen-filled packaging, nitrogen-filled bulbs. (Using chemical properties "The chemical properties are very stable, and it is difficult to react with other substances at room temperature") Grain, canned food, fruits, etc. are usually packed with nitrogen for preservation. Filling the light bulb with nitrogen gas can prevent the oxidation of the tungsten filament and slow down the volatilization rate of the tungsten filament, and prolong the service life of the bulb.

　　2. Chemical synthesis. It is an important raw material for synthetic fibers (nylon, acrylic), synthetic resin, synthetic rubber, etc. It can also make fertilizer.

　　3. Making automobile tires. Nitrogen filling the tires can improve the stability and comfort of the tires, prevent punctures and run-off, extend the service life of tires, reduce fuel consumption, and protect the environment.

　　4. Used as a protective gas. Under normal conditions, the chemical properties of nitrogen are very inactive, so it is often used as a protective gas. When welding the metal, use nitrogen to protect the metal from oxidation.

　　 5. To protect historical relics, in museums, some valuable and rare picture pages and scrolls are often stored in a cylinder filled with nitrogen, which can make the borers suffocate in nitrogen.

　　 (Nitrogen-filled packaging)

Argon:

　　 1. Used as a shielding gas for arc welding (cutting) of stainless steel, magnesium, aluminum, and other alloys.

　　2, used in the smelting of steel, aluminum, titanium and zirconium.

　　3. Argon emits a purple glow during discharge, which is also used in lighting technology and filling fluorescent lamps, photoelectric tubes, lighting tubes, etc.

　　4. In the brewing process, the filling in the beer barrel can replace oxygen to prevent the raw materials in the beer barrel from being oxidized to acetic acid.

　　5. The heat treatment process is also used to replace nitrogen and ammonia, and the effect is more than that of nitrogen and ammonia. The use of argon to protect the bending effect of stainless steel during heat treatment is better and not easy to break.

　　 (Argon used as shielding gas for welding)

　　 carbon dioxide

　　 Carbon dioxide has a wide range of uses, and its consumption is second only to oxygen.

　　 1. Used to make carbonated drinks.

　　2. Fire extinguishing agents: initial fire suppression of electrical equipment, precision instruments, valuable production equipment and books and archives.

　　3, gas shielded welding: used for welding a variety of materials.

　　4. Organic chemical synthesis: It can produce a variety of commonly used chemical products (such as urea, salicylic acid, etc.).

　　 5. Refrigerant: can freeze food.

　　6. ​​Power generation: Low-temperature heat source power generation can be performed with carbon dioxide as the medium.

　　7. As a solvent: Supercritical extraction is used as an advanced operation technology to separate a variety of products and replace traditional process operations.

　　 8. Others: solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) is medically used to freeze skin diseases and can be used for artificial rainfall. Using liquid carbon dioxide to dry clean clothes can replace toxic dry cleaning agents. High-purity carbon dioxide is used in the electronics industry, medical research and clinical diagnosis, calibration gas for testing instruments and the preparation of other special mixed gases.

　　 (carbon dioxide used as carbonated beverages)

　　 ammonia

　　 1. Synthetic ammonia provides sufficient raw materials for the manufacture of various nitrogen fertilizers.

　　2. Ammonia is also used in the production of various amine and acyl compounds, and the production of explosives also consumes a lot of ammonia.

　　3. It is a medium-temperature refrigeration working fluid suitable for large and medium-sized refrigerators, and is also a raw material for metallurgy, medicine and other industries.

　　Helium:

　　Helium is widely used in military industry, scientific research, petrochemical, refrigeration, medical, semiconductor, pipeline leak detection, superconducting experiment, metal manufacturing, deep sea diving, high-precision welding, optoelectronic product production, etc.

　　1. Low temperature cold source: Using the low boiling point of -268.9℃ of liquid helium, liquid helium can be used for ultra-low temperature cooling. The ultra-low temperature cooling technology has a wide range of applications in superconducting technology and other fields. Superconducting materials need to exhibit superconducting properties at low temperatures (about 100K). In most cases, only liquid helium can easily achieve such extremely low temperatures. . Superconducting technology is widely used in magnetic levitation trains in the transportation industry and MRI equipment in the medical field.

2. Balloon inflation: because the density of helium is much lower than that of air (the density of air is 1.29kg/m3, the density of helium is 0.1786kg/m3), and the chemical properties are extremely inactive, safer than hydrogen (hydrogen can burn in the air) , May cause an explosion), helium is often used as the filling gas in spacecraft or advertising balloons.

3. Inspection and analysis: The superconducting magnets of nuclear magnetic resonance analyzers commonly used in instrument analysis need to use liquid helium to cool down. In gas chromatographic analysis, helium is often used as a carrier gas. It uses the characteristics of good permeability and non-flammability of helium. Used in vacuum leak detection, such as helium mass spectrometer leak detector.

　　4. Shielding gas: Using the inactive chemical properties of helium, helium is often used as a shielding gas for welding metals such as magnesium, zirconium, aluminum, and titanium.

　　5. Other aspects: Helium can be used as a pressurized gas for high-vacuum devices, nuclear reactors, rockets, and spacecraft to transport liquid propellants such as liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. Helium is also used as a cleaning agent for atomic reactors, in the breathing gas mixture in the field of marine development, and filling gas for gas thermometers.

　　 (Helium-filled spaceship)

　　 Deuterium gas:

　　 1. Production of heavy hydrogen-containing compounds in the fields of chemistry and biochemistry.

　　2. Trace amounts of molecules can be used to study the reaction rate and reaction mechanism.

　　3. Replace hydrogen in silicon sintering or annealing process in semiconductor, flat panel display, solar cell and other electronic industries.

　　 4. Applied to nuclear fusion reactions.

　　 (deuterium gas luminous watch)

　　 Neon gas:

　　1. Used in neon lights and as a filling medium in the electronics industry (such as high-pressure neon lights, counter tubes, etc.).

　　2. It is used in laser technology, as a light-emitting indicator, voltage adjustment, and laser mixed gas composition.

　　 3. Neon-oxygen mixture is used for breathing instead of helium-oxygen.

　　4. Used as low-temperature coolant, standard gas, special mixed gas, etc.

　　 5. For high-energy physics research, let neon fill the spark chamber to detect the behavior of particles.

　　 (Neon Neon Sign)

　　Halogen gas:

　　Halogen elements refer to periodic ⅦA elements. Including fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At), Ishida (Ts), halogen for short. Because astatine is a radioactive element, the halogens that people often say only refer to: fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

　　 Halogens are widely used in flame retardants, refrigerants, solvents, organic chemical raw materials, pesticides, bleaches, wool degreasing, etc.

　　 (Fluorine refrigerant)

　　 liquid nitrogen:

Industrial applications:

　　In industrial production, liquid nitrogen is obtained by fractional distillation of compressed liquid air, which can be used as a deep refrigerant. Due to its chemical inertness, it can directly contact biological tissues and freeze immediately without destroying biological activity. Therefore, it can be used for:

　　 1. Quickly freeze and transport food, or make ice products.

　　2. Research on low temperature physics.

　　 3. Demonstrate the low temperature state in science education. A soft object at room temperature will be as brittle as glass if soaked in liquid nitrogen.

　　4. Provide the temperature required for the high-temperature superconductor to show superconductivity.

　　 5. It can be used as a refrigerant to quickly freeze biological tissues to prevent tissue damage.

　　 6. Used in industrial nitrogen fertilizer production.

　　 7. For chemical testing, such as BET specific surface area test method.

　　Biological and medical uses:

　　 1. Eliminate red fire ants.

　　2. In surgery, rapid freezing can be used to help stop bleeding and remove the superficial parts of the skin that need to be removed.

　　3. Preservation of living tissues, biological samples, and storage of sperm and eggs.

　　 (liquid nitrogen is used for medical testing)

　　 chlorine

　　 1. It can be sterilized and used to purify water.

　　2, used to treat certain industrial wastewater (such as oxidation of hydrogen sulfide, cyanide, etc., to eliminate its toxicity).

　　3. It can produce a variety of diversified industrial products, which are used in the manufacture of plastics, pesticides, synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, etc., as well as the production of chlorides, hydrochloric acid and chlorinated solvents.

　　 4. It can be used to produce final chlorine-free chemical products (such as glycerol (glycerin), ethylene glycol, etc.).

　　 (Chlorine gas is used to make plastic)

Acetylene gas

　　 1. Pharmaceutical industry: used to manufacture contraceptives.

　　2. Atomic absorption analyzer: used as a carrier gas.

　　3. The important applications of dissolving acetylene are metal welding and cutting, spraying, surface quenching and thermal processing.

　　4. The earliest application of acetylene gas was for lighting, and the main application was for navigation lights.

　　 (Acetylene gas is used in the pharmaceutical industry)

　　 Hydrogen

　　1. Petrochemical industry production: as raw material gas, hydrogenation gas, etc. for the production of synthetic ammonia, methanol, and petroleum refining; raw material gas for organic hydrogenation reaction.

　　2. Metallurgical industry: As a reducing gas and protective gas, it is widely used in the production and processing of tungsten, molybdenum, and titanium; the production and rolling of thin steel plates, strip steel bars, and silicon steel sheets; the production of precision alloys and powder metallurgy materials.

　　3. Electronic industry: Mainly used in the production of electronic materials, semiconductor integrated circuits and main electrical vacuum devices.

　　4. Building materials and light industry production: as protective gas and combustion gas, such as quartz glass and artificial gems, hydrogen-oxygen flame is used to obtain high temperature; in float glass production, hydrogen is used as protective gas.

　　 5. Power industry: as a coolant for generating sets.

　　 6. Balloons and airbags: as filling gas.

　　 7. Liquid hydrogen is an important liquid fuel for aerospace and rockets.

　　 8. Use hydrogen to make fuel cells.

　　 9. It has become a reality to use hydrogen-containing fuels in automobiles and treat chemical waste products with hydrogen to make useful products.