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Basic structure of piston compressor
Piston refrigeration compressor is mainly composed of body, crankshaft, connecting rod, piston group, valve, shaft seal, oil pump, energy adjustment device, oil circulation system and other components.
1.Body
Body: It includes two parts, the cylinder block and the crankcase. It is generally cast into a whole with high-strength gray cast iron (HT20-40). It is the body that supports the weight of the cylinder liner, crankshaft connecting rod mechanism and all other components and ensures the correct relative position between the components. The cylinder adopts the cylinder liner structure and is installed in the cylinder sleeve seat hole on the cylinder block, which is convenient for maintenance or replacement when the cylinder liner is worn. Therefore, the structure is simple and maintenance is convenient.
2. Crankshaft
Crankshaft: The crankshaft is one of the main components of a piston refrigeration compressor, which transfers all the power of the compressor. Its main function is to change the rotary motion of the motor to the reciprocating linear motion of the piston through the connecting rod. When the crankshaft is in motion, it bears an alternating composite load of tension, compression, shearing, bending and torsion. The working conditions are harsh, requiring sufficient strength and rigidity, and the wear resistance of the main journal and the crankpin. Therefore, the crankshaft is generally forged with high-quality carbon steel No. 40, 45 or 50, but it has been widely cast using nodular cast iron (such as QT50-1.5 and QT60-2, etc.).
3. Connecting rod
Connecting rod: The connecting rod is the connecting piece between the crankshaft and the piston. It converts the rotary motion of the crankshaft into the reciprocating motion of the piston, and transmits power to the piston to do work on the steam. The connecting rod includes a connecting rod body, a connecting rod small-end bushing, a connecting rod big head bush and a connecting rod bolt.
The connecting rod body is subjected to tensile and compressive alternating loads during work, so it is generally forged with high-quality medium carbon steel or cast with nodular cast iron (such as QT40-10). The shaft is mostly I-shaped and a long hole is drilled in the middle as an oil passage. .
The small end of the connecting rod is connected to the piston through a piston pin, and a bush is added in the pin hole to improve the wear resistance and impact resistance. The connecting rod small-end bushing is usually made of tin phosphor bronze ZQSn10-1 into an overall cylindrical shape, the outer round car has a ring groove and drilled oil holes, and the inner surface has an axial oil groove.
4. Piston
Piston group: Piston group is the general name of piston, piston pin and piston ring. Driven by the connecting rod, the piston group makes a reciprocating linear movement in the cylinder, thereby forming a variable working volume together with the cylinder, etc. to achieve the processes of suction, compression, and exhaust.
Pistons-Pistons can be divided into two types: cylindrical and disc. The pistons of my country's series refrigeration compressors all adopt a cylindrical structure, which is composed of three parts: a top part, a ring part and a skirt part. The top of the piston forms the working surface of the closed cylinder. The outer ring of the piston ring part is provided with a ring groove for installing the piston ring. The depth of the ring groove is slightly larger than the radial thickness of the piston ring, so that the piston ring has a certain room for movement. The piston skirt plays a guiding role in the cylinder and bears side pressure.
Piston pin——The piston pin is a part used to connect the piston and the small end of the connecting rod, and bears a complex alternating load during work. The damage of the piston pin will cause serious accidents, so it is required to have sufficient strength, wear resistance, fatigue resistance and impact resistance. Therefore, the piston pin is usually made of 20# steel, 20Cr steel or 45# steel.
Piston ring-Piston ring includes steam ring and oil ring. The main function of the steam ring is to form a seal between the piston and the cylinder wall to prevent the compressed vapor from leaking from the gap between the piston and the cylinder wall. In order to reduce the leakage of compressed steam from the lock port of the ring, the lock ports should be staggered when installing multiple steam rings. The role of the oil ring is to distribute oil and scrape off excess lubricant on the cylinder wall. The steam ring can be installed one to three times. The oil ring is usually installed only one and is installed under the steam ring. The common oil ring has two types of cross-section and groove. The slope of the oil ring should be upward when it is installed.
5, steam valve
Steam valve and shaft seal: The steam valve is an important component of the compressor and is a wearing part. Its quality and the quality of its work directly affect the compressor's steam delivery, power loss and operational reliability. The steam valve includes an intake valve and an exhaust valve. The piston reciprocates up and down once, and the intake and exhaust valves are opened and closed once, respectively, to control the compressor and complete the four working processes of intake, compression, and exhaust. Due to the frequent opening and closing of the valve and the great impact on the performance of the compressor, the steam valve needs to meet the following requirements: the flow resistance of the gas flowing through the valve should be small, there must be sufficient passage cross section, the passage surface should be smooth, and the opening and closing should be timely , Closed tightly, tough and wear-resistant.
6. Shaft seal
Shaft seal-The role of the shaft seal is to prevent refrigerant vapor from leaking out along the extended end of the crankshaft, or to prevent outside air from leaking when the pressure in the crankcase is lower than atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the shaft seal should have good sealing and safety reliability, simple structure, convenient assembly and disassembly, and have a certain service life.
Six component systems of piston compressor
(1) Motion system: crankshaft, piston connecting rod assembly, coupling, etc.;
(2) Gas distribution system: valve plate, gas valve spring, etc.;
(3) Sealing system: piston ring, oil seal, gasket, packing, etc.;
(4) Body system: crankcase, cylinder block, cylinder liner, cover plate, etc.;
(5) Lubrication system: lubricating oil pump, oil filter, pressure regulating valve, etc.;
(6) Safety and energy regulation system: safety valve, energy regulation device, etc.The basic structure of piston compressor_Composition system of piston compressor
Basic structure of piston compressor
Piston refrigeration compressor is mainly composed of body, crankshaft, connecting rod, piston group, valve, shaft seal, oil pump, energy adjustment device, oil circulation system and other components.
1.Body
Body: It includes two parts, the cylinder block and the crankcase. It is generally cast into a whole with high-strength gray cast iron (HT20-40). It is the body that supports the weight of the cylinder liner, crankshaft connecting rod mechanism and all other components and ensures the correct relative position between the components. The cylinder adopts the cylinder liner structure and is installed in the cylinder sleeve seat hole on the cylinder block, which is convenient for maintenance or replacement when the cylinder liner is worn. Therefore, the structure is simple and maintenance is convenient.
2. Crankshaft
Crankshaft: The crankshaft is one of the main components of a piston refrigeration compressor, which transfers all the power of the compressor. Its main function is to change the rotary motion of the motor to the reciprocating linear motion of the piston through the connecting rod. When the crankshaft is in motion, it bears an alternating composite load of tension, compression, shearing, bending and torsion. The working conditions are harsh, requiring sufficient strength and rigidity, and the wear resistance of the main journal and the crankpin. Therefore, the crankshaft is generally forged with high-quality carbon steel No. 40, 45 or 50, but it has been widely cast using nodular cast iron (such as QT50-1.5 and QT60-2, etc.).
3. Connecting rod
Connecting rod: The connecting rod is the connecting piece between the crankshaft and the piston. It converts the rotary motion of the crankshaft into the reciprocating motion of the piston, and transmits power to the piston to do work on the steam. The connecting rod includes a connecting rod body, a connecting rod small-end bushing, a connecting rod big head bush and a connecting rod bolt.
The connecting rod body is subjected to tensile and compressive alternating loads during work, so it is generally forged with high-quality medium carbon steel or cast with nodular cast iron (such as QT40-10). The shaft is mostly I-shaped and a long hole is drilled in the middle as an oil passage. .
The small end of the connecting rod is connected to the piston through a piston pin, and a bush is added in the pin hole to improve the wear resistance and impact resistance. The connecting rod small-end bushing is usually made of tin phosphor bronze ZQSn10-1 into an overall cylindrical shape, the outer round car has a ring groove and drilled oil holes, and the inner surface has an axial oil groove.
4. Piston
Piston group: Piston group is the general name of piston, piston pin and piston ring. Driven by the connecting rod, the piston group makes a reciprocating linear movement in the cylinder, thereby forming a variable working volume together with the cylinder, etc. to achieve the processes of suction, compression, and exhaust.
Pistons-Pistons can be divided into two types: cylindrical and disc. The pistons of my country's series refrigeration compressors all adopt a cylindrical structure, which is composed of three parts: a top part, a ring part and a skirt part. The top of the piston forms the working surface of the closed cylinder. The outer ring of the piston ring part is provided with a ring groove for installing the piston ring. The depth of the ring groove is slightly larger than the radial thickness of the piston ring, so that the piston ring has a certain room for movement. The piston skirt plays a guiding role in the cylinder and bears side pressure.
Piston pin——The piston pin is a part used to connect the piston and the small end of the connecting rod, and bears a complex alternating load during work. The damage of the piston pin will cause serious accidents, so it is required to have sufficient strength, wear resistance, fatigue resistance and impact resistance. Therefore, the piston pin is usually made of 20# steel, 20Cr steel or 45# steel.
Piston ring-Piston ring includes steam ring and oil ring. The main function of the steam ring is to form a seal between the piston and the cylinder wall to prevent the compressed vapor from leaking from the gap between the piston and the cylinder wall. In order to reduce the leakage of compressed steam from the lock port of the ring, the lock ports should be staggered when installing multiple steam rings. The role of the oil ring is to distribute oil and scrape off excess lubricant on the cylinder wall. The steam ring can be installed one to three times. The oil ring is usually installed only one and is installed under the steam ring. The common oil ring has two types of cross-section and groove. The slope of the oil ring should be upward when it is installed.
5, steam valve
Steam valve and shaft seal: The steam valve is an important component of the compressor and is a wearing part. Its quality and the quality of its work directly affect the compressor's steam delivery, power loss and operational reliability. The steam valve includes an intake valve and an exhaust valve. The piston reciprocates up and down once, and the intake and exhaust valves are opened and closed once, respectively, to control the compressor and complete the four working processes of intake, compression, and exhaust. Due to the frequent opening and closing of the valve and the great impact on the performance of the compressor, the steam valve needs to meet the following requirements: the flow resistance of the gas flowing through the valve should be small, there must be sufficient passage cross section, the passage surface should be smooth, and the opening and closing should be timely , Closed tightly, tough and wear-resistant.
6. Shaft seal
Shaft seal-The role of the shaft seal is to prevent refrigerant vapor from leaking out along the extended end of the crankshaft, or to prevent outside air from leaking when the pressure in the crankcase is lower than atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the shaft seal should have good sealing and safety reliability, simple structure, convenient assembly and disassembly, and have a certain service life.
Six component systems of piston compressor
(1) Motion system: crankshaft, piston connecting rod assembly, coupling, etc.;
(2) Gas distribution system: valve plate, gas valve spring, etc.;
(3) Sealing system: piston ring, oil seal, gasket, packing, etc.;
(4) Body system: crankcase, cylinder block, cylinder liner, cover plate, etc.;
(5) Lubrication system: lubricating oil pump, oil filter, pressure regulating valve, etc.;
(6) Safety and energy regulation system: safety valve, energy regulation device, etc.Subscribe to relevant news content?
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