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Ammonia refrigeration equipment has leaked, which is the safest way to deal with it!

Ammonia refrigeration equipment has leaked, which is the safest way to deal with it! 1. The danger of ammonia refrigeration system in advance 　　According to the statistical analysis of the actual operation of the refrigeration system, the safety risk mainly comes from ammonia leakage. The main danger points of ammonia leakage are: 　　 1. Leakage of the pipeline system (including equipment and parts such as pipes, valves, connecting flanges, and sealing of pumps); 　　 2. The storage tank leaks; 　　3. Leakage of refrigeration system equipment components (evaporator, compressor, condenser); 　　 4. Natural factors, such as earthquakes and lightning strikes. The pre-hazard analysis method is used for the possible accidents of ammonia refrigeration. The pre-hazard analysis is a system safety analysis method that performs macroscopic and probabilistic analysis on the occurrence conditions of various dangerous factors (category, distribution) and the possible consequences of the accidents in the system. The purpose is to discover the potential risk factors of the system early, determine the danger of the system, and put forward corresponding preventive measures to prevent these risk factors from developing into accidents. 　　 2. Safety control measures of ammonia refrigeration system 　　In the ammonia refrigeration system, special attention should be paid to the prevention of accidents to ensure safety. Many accidents are caused by the lack of prevention awareness, and the operation and management of their systems must be effectively prevented. Preventive measures include: efforts to improve the technical skills and prevention awareness of operators; the formulation of emergency plans; the maintenance and regular inspection of pressure vessels, pipelines and safety accessories; equipment and pipelines that are prone to leaks and burst points in the system are effectively Prevention and control. 　　 1. Safety valve failure control The discharge of the safety valve overpressure is generally guided to the upper air for discharge. After the safety valve takes off, it often causes leakage caused by dirt blocking the seal or other reasons. Most of the safety valve discharge ports are installed at high altitude, which is easy during inspection Oversight, over time, it is easy to cause the safety valve to fail. 　　 Therefore, in the safety precautions, the discharge port of the safety valve should be regularly checked for ammonia leakage, and regular inspection and correction should be carried out according to technical requirements. The safety valve must be inspected and corrected after the overpressure has jumped. Many experts and authoritative persons suggest that the safety valve discharge port should be discharged into the pool. If the safety valve jumps, ammonia vapor is directly discharged into the pool. Because ammonia is easily soluble in water, it can effectively reduce the ammonia in the air. The resulting unsafe impact. 　　 2. Condenser ammonia leakage control measures 　　 The cooling tube of the condenser is generally welded by steel pipes. In use, frequent contact with water and air makes it corrode faster. The friction of the inner wall when cleaning the cooling pipe dirt accelerates wear and corrosion, resulting in easy leakage. 　　 Therefore, the cooling pipe of the condenser should be regularly inspected for corrosion and replaced when it reaches a certain degree of corrosion. 　　 3. Refrigeration equipment moisture-proof interlayer ammonia leakage control measures 　　The frost and dripping of the moisture-proof interlayer of the refrigeration equipment cause the steel surface to be directly corroded by water, air, mold, etc. Therefore, the steel surface of the refrigeration equipment should be regularly inspected for corrosion and replaced when it reaches a certain degree of corrosion. 　　 4. Ammonia leakage in defrosting pipeline 　　During the defrosting process, it is easy to cause the pressure difference between the front and back of the evaporator and other pipes and valves to be too large, and the refrigeration oil and ammonia liquid in the pipes move rapidly to cause impacts, causing the pipes and valves to burst and cause an ammonia run accident. Therefore, during the defrosting process, pay attention that the pressure of the hot ammonia entering the evaporator must not be too large, and the hot ammonia opens too fast and too large. 　　 5. Welding pipeline explosion control measures 　　If the refrigeration system has ammonia and oil, it is not evacuated, and the pipeline is not connected to the atmosphere, it is easy to cause the residual oil and ammonia in the system to catch fire and explode. Therefore, it is necessary to evacuate the ammonia and oil when welding the pipeline. 　　 6. Control measures for ammonia leakage in full liquid pipeline burst 　　In the refrigeration system, it is possible that the liquid pipeline full of liquid and the valves at both ends of the container are closed at the same time. Due to the temperature change of the surrounding environment of the pipeline and the container, the pressure in the pipeline and the container changes accordingly, and it is very easy to cause an accident of burst running ammonia. Therefore, the liquid pipeline that may be full and the valves at both ends of the container cannot be closed at the same time. 　　 7. Safety measures for liquid ammonia storage tank 　　 From the design, manufacture to use of all aspects of the liquid ammonia storage tank, if the method is not appropriate, it will bury hidden dangers to stress corrosion. Intentional anti-corrosion should take reliable measures in all aspects of the entire quality assurance system from design, manufacturing to use. 　　 (1) Material selection. Practice has proved that the higher the strength of the material, the greater the possibility of stress corrosion. However, the minimum strength limit at which stress corrosion does not occur is related to the impurity content and characteristics, stress magnitude, operating speed and other factors. In order to prevent stress corrosion, in consideration of operating pressure, residual stress, safety and economy, steel with lower strength should be selected as much as possible. 　　 (2) Adopt reasonable structure and welding process. The structure should avoid stress concentration caused by too many welds, excessive concentration, asymmetric welds, cross welds and unreasonable welding sequence. 　　 (3) Liquid ammonia storage tanks put into use shall be subject to internal and external inspections and periodic periodic inspections as required. 3. Fire and explosion protection of ammonia system 　　 1. Before the ammonia agent is completely exhausted, cutting or welding in the relevant pipelines or equipment is strictly prohibited. 　　 2. In open spaces with high ammonia concentration, open flame operation is prohibited. (Explosion limit 15.7%~27%) 　　 3. At the initial stage of the fire, the liquid supply to the refrigeration system at the fire site should be immediately turned off and the ammonia stored in the system should be pumped back. When the fire is out of control, the operation of the refrigeration system should be stopped immediately to protect the ammonia system with a water curtain. Prevent accidents. 　　 Fourth, the pressure test of the ammonia system 　　 1. After installing the ammonia system compressor, the compression strength test and air tightness test should be carried out. 　　 2. After adding equipment and welding pipes to the refrigeration system, the local pressure vessel supervisory department should be required to carry out flaw detection test and pressurization test, and the pipes and equipment can be put into use only after obtaining the certificate. 　　 3. For the pressurization and air tightness test of the refrigeration system, ammonia gas is not allowed, generally nitrogen or compressed air is used. 　　 4. When applying a pressure higher than the refrigerant to the system, nitrogen must be used and pressure is applied through the pressure reducing valve. When the system is pressurized, it is strictly prohibited to exceed the system's calibration test pressure. 　　 V. Maintenance of ammonia system 　　 1. Before overhaul, the environment of the overhaul location must be checked, and familiar with ventilation, lighting, escape routes, protective devices, etc. 　　 2. Overhaul must carry anti-ammonia masks, high-altitude operations must wear safety belts, must carry aerobic respirators and full-body chemical protective clothing during leak maintenance. 　　 3. The maintenance of electrical equipment must be performed after the power is turned off, and the local switch (if any) should be turned off before the operation. 　　 4. The valve maintenance must be carried out after confirming that no ammonia leakage has occurred and that the relevant piping has been safely isolated. 　　 5. Except for the maintenance of condenser fans and water pumps, the routine maintenance of valves, and the maintenance of other water pumps and water pipes and valves, no single refrigeration worker is allowed to carry out maintenance work. 　　 VI. Disposal of ammonia leakage 　　 1. Divide the warning area according to the situation on site, and the disposal vehicles and personnel are generally parked at a higher terrain and upwind (or upwind) direction. 　　 2. Disposal personnel should take necessary personal protective measures. When handling leaks or related equipment, they should wear isolated chemical protective clothing and air breathing apparatus. Wear cold-proof clothing when directly contacting liquid ammonia. In an emergency, you can also wear cotton trousers, tighten the sleeves of the trousers, and cover your mouth and nose with a wet mask. 　　 3. All fire sources and flammable materials in the leakage area should be quickly removed, and ventilation should be strengthened. If the cylinder is leaking, use non-sparking tools when disposing of it, and try to make the leakage port face upward to prevent a large amount of liquefied gas from flowing. When the valve closing and plugging measures are invalid, consider immersing the steel cylinder in water or dilute acid solution, or transfer it to an open area for decontamination. 　　 4. For the leaked liquid ammonia, mist water and flowering water should be used to disperse. Disposal should try to prevent leakage into the water flow, sewer or some control areas. 　　 5. In case of fire, use fog water, flowering water flow, alcohol-resistant foam, sand or CO2 for fire fighting, and pay attention to cooling the container wall with a large amount of direct water flow. If possible, move movable items out of the fire as soon as possible. If there are danger signs such as the sound of the container vents becoming louder or the container walls becoming discolored, they should be retreated immediately.

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