Detailed explanation of screw compressor structure and working principle
Screw compressors, also known as screw compressors, include screw air compressors and screw process compressors (vinyl chloride compressors, etc.). Screw compressors are volumetric twin-screw oil-injected compressors, generally box-type skid-mounted structures.
Detailed explanation of screw compressor structure and working principle
1. Working principle of screw compressor
1. Inhalation process:
The intake port of the screw-type intake side must be designed so that the compression chamber can fully inhale, and the screw-type air compressor has no intake and exhaust valve groups, and the intake air is adjusted only by the opening and closing of a regulating valve. When the rotor rotates, the sulcus space of the main and auxiliary rotors is the largest when it turns to the intake end wall opening. At this time, the sulcus space of the rotor communicates with the free air of the intake port. The air is completely exhausted. At the end of the exhaust, the tooth groove is in a vacuum state. When it is turned to the air inlet, outside air is sucked in and flows into the tooth groove of the main and auxiliary rotors in the axial direction. Screw air compressor maintenance reminds that when the air fills the entire tooth groove, the inlet side of the rotor turns away from the air inlet of the casing, and the air between the grooves is closed.
2. Closing and conveying process:
At the end of the suction of the main and auxiliary rotors, the tooth peaks of the main and auxiliary rotors will be sealed with the casing. At this time, the air in the tooth groove is closed and no longer flows out, that is, [sealing process]. The two rotors continue to rotate, and their tooth peaks and tooth grooves coincide at the suction end, and the anastomotic surface gradually moves toward the exhaust end.
3. Compression and injection process:
During the conveying process, the meshing surface gradually moves toward the exhaust end, that is, the tooth groove between the meshing surface and the exhaust port gradually decreases, the gas in the tooth groove is gradually compressed, and the pressure increases, which is [compression process]. While compressing, the lubricating oil is also injected into the compression chamber and mixed with the chamber gas due to the pressure difference.
4. Exhaust process:
When the engagement end face of the rotor is transferred to the exhaust of the casing in the maintenance of the screw air compressor, (the pressure of the compressed gas is highest at this time) the compressed gas begins to be discharged until the engagement surface of the tooth peak and the tooth groove moves to the exhaust The end face, at this time, the tooth groove space between the two rotor engagement surfaces and the casing exhaust port is zero, which is completed (exhaust process), and at the same time, the length of the tooth groove between the rotor engagement surface and the casing intake port reaches the maximum Long, the inhalation process is in progress.
Second, the characteristics of screw compressors
As a kind of rotary refrigeration compressor, screw refrigeration compressor has the characteristics of both piston type and power type (speed type).
1) Compared with reciprocating piston refrigeration compressors, screw refrigeration compressors have a series of advantages such as high speed, light weight, small size, small footprint and low exhaust pulsation.
2). The screw refrigeration compressor has no reciprocating mass inertial force, good dynamic balance performance, stable operation, small vibration of the base, and the foundation can be made small.
3). The screw-type refrigeration compressor has a simple structure and a small number of mechanical parts. There are no wearing parts such as air valves and piston rings. Its main friction parts such as rotors and bearings have high strength and wear resistance, and are lubricated. The conditions are good, so the amount of machining is low, the material consumption is low, the operation cycle is long, the use is more reliable, the maintenance is simple, and it is beneficial to realize the automation of operation.
4) Compared with the speed compressor, the screw compressor has the characteristics of forced gas delivery, that is, the discharge volume is almost not affected by the discharge pressure, and the surge phenomenon does not occur at a small discharge volume. Within the range of working conditions, high efficiency can still be maintained.
5). The spool valve is adopted to adjust the energy steplessly.
6). The screw compressor is not sensitive to liquid inlet and can be cooled by oil injection. Therefore, at the same pressure ratio, the discharge temperature is much lower than the piston type, so the single-stage pressure ratio is high.
7). There is no clearance volume, so the volumetric efficiency is high.
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