The working principle and structure of common condenser
The condenser is one of the important equipment in the refrigeration system. It transfers the heat of the superheated vapor of the refrigerant to the surrounding air or water through the heat-releasing surface of the condenser, and it is cooled to saturated vapor and further cooled to high pressure. The liquid is recycled in the system. The following describes the working principle and structure of common condensers.
1.Horizontal shell and tube condenser. The refrigerant vapor condenses on the outer surface of the tube, and the cooling water flows in the tube under the action of the pump. Refrigerant vapor enters from the upper intake pipe, condenses into liquid and flows into the liquid receiver through the discharge pipe at the lower part of the cylinder. The two ends of the cylinder of the condenser are sealed with end caps, and the multi-tube pass flow of cooling water is realized by the water divider inside the end cap. The number of tube bundles of the condenser is an even number, so that the inlet and outlet of the cooling water can be set on the same end cover, and the lower inlet and the upper outlet.
Structure of horizontal shell and tube condenser
1-Air discharge pipe joint 2-Pressure gauge joint 3-Safety valve joint 4-Pressure equalization pipe joint 5-Intake pipe joint 6-Air venting chill joint 7-Drain cock joint 8-Outlet pipe joint 9-Drain pipe joint
2.The vertical shell and tube condenser is installed upright without end caps at both ends. The refrigerant vapor enters the outer space of the cylinder from the inlet pipe on the upper middle of the condenser shell, and the condensed liquid flows from top to bottom along the outer wall of the pipe, gathers at the bottom of the condenser, and enters the receiver through the outlet pipe. . The cooling water enters the heat exchange tube of the condenser from the upper part, flows down the tube wall in a film shape, and drains into the pool under the condenser for recycling.
Structure diagram of vertical shell and tube condenser
1 a liquid outlet pipe joint 2-pressure gauge joint 3-intake pipe joint 4 a water distribution clamp 5-safety valve joint 6-pressure equalizing sound joint 7-air discharge pipe joint 8-oil discharge pipe joint 9 a diversion nozzle 10-pipe board
3, double-pipe condenser
Sleeve-in-tube condenser is made of two different diameter pipes, single or multiple small diameter pipes are sleeved in the large diameter pipe, and then wound into a serpentine or oyster spiral shape, as shown in Enclosure 2-98. The refrigerant vapor enters the cavity between the inner and outer tubes from above, and condenses on the outer surface of the inner tube.
The liquid flows down successively at the bottom of the outer tube, and flows into the liquid reservoir from the lower end. The cooling water enters from the bottom of the condenser, and flows out from the top through each row of inner pipes in a countercurrent manner with the refrigerant. The cooling water flow of the double-pipe condenser is long. While the refrigerant absorbs heat by the cooling water, it is also cooled by the air outside the tube, which has a good heat transfer effect.
Double-pipe condenser structure
3.Spiral plate condenser. The spiral plate condenser is composed of two spiral bodies, a top cover and a connecting pipe. The two spiral bodies form two spiral channels. Two fluids flow countercurrently in the channel. One fluid flows in from the center of the spiral and flows out from the periphery, and the other fluid flows from the periphery and flows out from the center. The spiral structure makes the interior difficult to clean and repair.
Spiral plate condenser structure
4.Plate condenser The plate condenser is made up of a series of metal plates with a certain corrugated shape. Many small flow passages are formed between the plates, and the refrigerant and soft refrigerant exchange heat through the plates.
Structure diagram of plate condenser
6, spiral baffle condenser. The spiral main body of the convolute baffle condenser is composed of the spiral baffle and the top corner of the baffle overlap. The spiral baffle is fixed by the fixed-distance tube, and the condensing tube passes through the spiral baffle one by one. The spiral baffle and the tube sheet together serve as the support of the condensing tube bundle. The spiral baffle has a fan shape, and each baffle forms a certain angle with the axis of the shell. The adjacent baffles are connected end to end at the periphery, so that the outer circle forms a continuous spiral line. This device method changes The flow state of the shell-side fluid improves the efficiency of shell-side heat transfer and reduces the pressure drop of the shell-side fluid.
