In the hot summer, be wary of the 5+X hidden dangers of cold storage

In the hot summer, be wary of the 5+X hidden dangers of cold storage

With Chinese economic and social development and the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, the cold chain logistics industry has obtained unprecedented development opportunities. Especially in recent years, the Chinese government has attached great importance to it and introduced a series of related policies to assist and guide. Constructed all over the country. But as everyone knows, in addition to effectively promoting the rapid development of my country's cold storage industry, rapid construction has also unintentionally produced many problems and pain points, and has aroused widespread concern and in-depth thinking in the industry and society.

1. There are hidden dangers in cold storage safety

　　 Cold storage is the core hub of the cold chain supply chain and an important foundation for the take-off of my country’s cold chain. But its hidden safety hazards also make the world feel nervous and panic about it. There are three main reasons:

　　 1. Ammonia becomes the main "fuse"

　　According to the research of the China Refrigeration Alliance, at present, the refrigeration system of cold storage is mainly divided into "liquid ammonia refrigeration system", "freon refrigeration system" and "carbon dioxide refrigeration system".

Among them, the advantages of the liquid ammonia refrigeration system are mainly reflected in the fact that the refrigerant is cheaper than freon, and the cooling effect is good; the disadvantage is that it is toxic and dangerous. It mixes with air to a certain concentration and is easy to explode when encountering open flames, so it is generally difficult to realize automatic operation. Manual operation is required.

　　 When the three conditions are met, such as ignition by an open flame, 15%-25% of liquid ammonia in the air, and a temperature of 600 degrees Celsius, the liquid ammonia or ammonia gas will explode.

According to relevant data, in the past six years, there have been no less than 110 reports of large cold storage accidents in China; at the end of 2014, there were nearly 23,000 ammonia-related refrigeration enterprises. During the special treatment period, 52% of the enterprises that had been rectified within a time limit, and those that stopped production and stopped business for rectification accounted for 10%, 7% of closed companies were banned, and more than 4,000 major safety hazards were investigated.

　　2, other flammable substances cause incentives

In the cold storage, certain substances may also be stored, which can release gaseous substances similar to oil or other combustibles. When the time is long, they reach a certain concentration. If an open flame approaches, a small part of the fire will burn first, then slowly Spread slowly and ignite each other until they explode.

　　 In addition, failure of circuit safety measures can also cause fire, but cold storage generally only catches fire.

　　 2. The cost of cold storage remains high

　　According to the China Refrigeration Alliance, the construction and operating costs of cold storage have remained high for a long time, and have gradually attracted widespread attention and thought in the industry. The construction cost of 10,000-ton cold storage is estimated to be as high as 42.1 million yuan, and the annual operating cost budget is as high as 14.04 million yuan.

According to the analysis of cold storage construction types, the main construction cost of automated elevated cold storage includes, in addition to the structural part, storage automation equipment and control systems such as stackers, conveyors, automatic doors, shuttles, etc., according to different cold storage layouts and throughput, etc. The cost is also different. According to relevant knowledge, a 25,000-ton cold storage is also constructed. The civil multi-story cold storage is designed according to the traditional cold storage configuration. The automated elevated cold storage adopts more advanced automation equipment and refrigeration equipment in the industry, and stainless steel shell insulation. The total construction cost is in Between 80 million and 90 million yuan. In addition, prefabricated cold storage mostly refers to the cold storage of steel structure warehouses and thermal insulation board assembly methods. They are generally single-storey and occupy a large area. Because the cost of steel structure is lower than that of civil construction, and the price of steel has continued to drop in recent years, its construction The overall cost is low.

　　According to the analysis of cold storage operating costs, due to insufficient energy-saving promotion and energy-saving technology application, my country's cold storage consumes about 15 billion kWh per year, and the energy consumption per unit volume is 30-50kwh/m3/a, and there is no energy consumption rating certification standard. The energy consumption of cold storage is mainly concentrated in the refrigeration system (energy consumption has a great relationship with the maintenance mechanism of the cold storage and the outdoor temperature difference). In addition, taking "North, Shanghai and Guangzhou" as an example, the average rental price of cold storage within the Fifth Ring Road in Beijing is 3.2-3.5 (day/ton/yuan), and the pricing range outside the Fifth Ring Road is 2.2-2.8 (day/ton/yuan) The average rental price of cold storage in Shanghai is 4-4.5 (day/ton/yuan); the average rental price of cold storage in Guangdong is 3-3.5 (day/ton/yuan). In addition, in terms of labor costs, the working environment of the cold storage is poor and requires high levels of operators. Taking 25,000-ton cold storage as an example, civil multi-story cold storage and traditional prefabricated cold storage generally require a lot of manual labor, equipment and management. Calculated by 60 people, estimated by the average salary level of the industry, labor costs reach more than 3 million yuan per year. Automated cold storage, due to the use of a large number of automated equipment and information systems, has greatly reduced the number of operators. The cold storage of this scale may only require 20 people, and the labor cost has dropped to more than 1 million yuan per year. Other aspects of operating costs include equipment depreciation, equipment maintenance, and investment interest.

　　 Three, "two-fold" and "two-light" prominent

　　According to the China Refrigeration Alliance, the "dual importance" and "two lightness" are mainly manifested in emphasizing construction and quantity, light operation and light management, making the economic, social and ecological benefits of cold storage not obvious.

　　 Specifically, the main operational and management challenges are as follows:

1. It is difficult to "collect", "save" and "analyze" data and records; the output of refrigeration equipment and other systems cannot be adjusted according to factors such as "season", "external temperature" and "number of consumers"; in addition, it cannot Optimizing equipment operation can lead to excessive energy consumption.

　　2. The cold storage implements uniform quality control operation specifications, and it is also easy to cause error reports and waste maintenance resources.

　　3. Slow response to equipment failure may increase the spoilage of food. Therefore, food waste will increase and operating costs will also face the risk of rising.

　　4. Budget constraints make companies only focus on short-term cost-effectiveness at the expense of long-term improvements in operational efficiency and food safety.

5.The energy consumption of cold storage in my country is generally high, and the electricity bill remains high.

Fourth, the cold storage installation company is small

　　 There is some confusion in the installation market in the design and construction of cold storage projects. Unlicensed design, unlicensed installation, and unlicensed construction are also common. Small workshop-style cold storage engineering companies will form a large number of hidden faults in the insulation materials of the cold storage, the reliability of the refrigeration system container pipes, the structural configuration, and the scientific process, and safety cannot be guaranteed.

　　 5. Cold storage distribution and temperature imbalance

　　 The distribution of cold storage and the imbalance of supply and demand in temperature zones are more obvious. According to the research data of the China Refrigeration Alliance, the cold storage of Shandong, Guangdong, Shanghai, Fujian, Henan, Liaoning, Tianjin, Zhejiang, Hunan, Beijing and other ten provinces and cities account for about 70% of the country's total capacity, which has obvious advantages; in addition, the cold storage capacity of East China is far It surpasses other regions, accounting for about 40% of the country's total capacity. Regarding the distribution of cold storage temperature zones, low temperature storage accounts for 71.8%; medium temperature storage accounts for 12.7%; high temperature storage accounts for 10.5%; air conditioning storage accounts for 4.3%; and quick freezing storage accounts for 0.5%.

　　 In addition, my country's cold storage still has problems and pain points such as worrying about the operation and maintenance of the later stage of the project, and the short warranty period of main equipment.

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that China’s economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development. Strategic goals. We must adhere to the principle of quality first and benefit first, with supply-side structural reforms as the main line, promote economic development quality changes, efficiency changes, and dynamic changes, improve total factor productivity, and focus on accelerating the construction of the real economy, technological innovation, modern finance, and human resources coordination To develop an industrial system, we will focus on building an economic system with effective market mechanisms, dynamic micro-subjects, and a degree of macro-control, so as to continuously enhance China's economic innovation and competitiveness.

　　 As an investment hotspot, cold storage is a heavy asset investment, it is also the core hub of the supply chain, and it is the main position that urgently needs high-quality development.