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Centrifugal compressor is also called "vortex compressor", a type of compressor. The structure and operation principle are similar to the centrifugal blower, but it is always multi-stage, which can make the gas obtain higher pressure, larger processing capacity and higher efficiency. Turbine compressors with exhaust pressures higher than 0.015 MPa and gas flowing mainly in the radial direction are also called radial compressors. If the discharge pressure is lower than 0.2 MPa, it is generally called centrifugal blower. Centrifugal compressors are widely used in various technological processes to transport air, various process gases or mixed gases and increase their pressure. Industry is often named according to the purpose or type of gas, such as blast furnace blower and ammonia centrifugal compressor.
Reciprocating compressor overview
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Reciprocating compressor refers to a type of compressor that reciprocates the piston or diaphragm in the cylinder to periodically change the volume of the cylinder and realize the pressurization and delivery of gas. It is a positive displacement compressor. According to the reciprocating components, it is divided into piston type and diaphragm type compressors.
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The crankshaft drives the connecting rod, and the connecting rod drives the piston, which moves up and down. The movement of the piston changes the volume in the cylinder. When the piston moves downward, the cylinder volume increases, the intake valve opens, the exhaust valve closes, and air is drawn in to complete the intake process; when the piston moves upward, The cylinder volume decreases, the outlet valve opens, and the inlet valve closes, completing the compression process. Usually, there is a piston ring on the piston to seal the gap between the cylinder and the piston, and there is lubricating oil in the cylinder to lubricate the piston ring.
Positive compressor that changes the internal volume of the compression chamber by one or several reciprocating pistons.
At present, reciprocating compressors are mainly piston air compressors, chemical process compressors, oil and natural gas compressors, and piston air compressors are now mainly developing in the direction of medium pressure and high pressure. This is a screw machine and a centrifuge A height that is currently unreachable.
The difference between centrifugal compressor and reciprocating compressor
Reciprocating compressor: The crankshaft drives the connecting rod, and the connecting rod drives the piston, and the piston moves up and down. The movement of the piston changes the volume in the cylinder. When the piston moves downward, the cylinder volume increases, the intake valve opens, the exhaust valve closes, and air is drawn in to complete the intake process; when the piston moves upward, The cylinder volume decreases, the outlet valve opens, and the inlet valve closes, completing the compression process. Usually there is a piston ring on the piston to seal the gap between the cylinder and the piston, and there is lubricating oil in the cylinder to lubricate the piston ring
Centrifugal compressor: The working principle of the centrifugal compressor is: when the impeller rotates at high speed, the gas rotates with the centrifugal force, and the gas is thrown into the diffuser behind, and a vacuum zone is formed at the impeller. At this time, fresh gas from the outside enters the impeller. The impeller continuously rotates, and the gas is continuously sucked in and thrown out, thereby maintaining the continuous flow of gas. Compared with reciprocating compressors, centrifugal compressors have the following advantages: compact structure, small size, light weight; continuous and uniform exhaust, no need for intermediate tanks and other devices; small vibration, few wearing parts, no need for large and Cumbersome basic parts; except for bearings, there is no need for lubrication inside the machine, which saves fuel, and does not pollute the compressed gas; high speed; low maintenance, easy adjustment.
Comparison:
The working principle of the centrifugal compressor is that after the gas enters the impeller of the centrifugal compressor, under the action of the impeller blades, it rotates with the impeller at high speed, while flowing to the outlet of the impeller under the action of rotating centrifugal force, and is subjected to the expansion of the impeller The pressure energy and kinetic energy are improved. After the gas enters the diffuser, the kinetic energy is further converted into pressure energy. The gas then flows into the next-stage impeller through the bend and the recirculator for further compression, so that the gas pressure reaches the required process. Requirements
Compared with reciprocating compressors, centrifugal compressors have the following advantages:
1. Compact structure, small size and light weight;
2. The exhaust is continuous and uniform, and no intermediate tanks and other devices are required;
3. Vibration is small, wearing parts are few, no huge and bulky foundation is needed;
4. Except for bearings, there is no need to lubricate inside the machine parts, save fuel, and do not pollute the compressed gas;
5. High speed;
6. The maintenance is small and the adjustment is convenient.
The centrifugal compressor transmits the energy of the prime mover to the gas through the impeller rotating at high speed, so that the pressure and speed of the gas are increased. The gas converts the speed energy into pressure energy in the fixed element of the compressor. Mainly used to compress and transport gas.
